Transcriber's notes:
The following typographical errors have been corrected: Page v, "Romana" changed to "Romano" (by Giulio Romano, Francesco Penni,) Page 59, "Bulletino" changed to "Bullettino" (in footnote [38]: See Henzen, Bullettino dell' Instituto, 1863,) Page 91, "Receuil" changed to "Recueil" (in footnote [51]: Leon Renier: Recueil des diplomes militaires) Page 120, "Ardentina" changed to "Ardeatina" (S. Petronilla on the Via Ardeatina) Page 131, "Venedetto" changed to "Benedetto" (the master-mason Benedetto Drei, whose drawing,) Page 147, "Winckelman" two times changed to "Winckelmann" (Fea and Winckelmann assert and Winckelmann attributes their rapid decay) Page 185, "in" changed to "is" (the urn of Agrippina is kept in the courtyard) Page 208, "Emmanuele" changed to "Emanuele" (southwest corner of the Piazza Vittorio Emanuele) Page 273, "astrinum" changed to "ustrinum" (it was an astrinum where corpses were cremated) Page 314, "Bulletino" changed to "Bullettino" (in footnote [148]: Bullettino di archeologia cristiana) Page 327, "Nicolas" changed to "Nicholas" (from the time of Pope Nicholas I.) Page 369, "Cerceo" changed to "Circeo" (defeats the Saracens off Cape Circeo) Page 373, "Guilio" changed to "Giulio" (di Papa Giulio, 254;)
PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN ROME
BY
RODOLFO LANCIANI AUTHOR OF "ANCIENT ROME IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT DISCOVERIES"
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED
BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY =The Riverside Press, Cambridge= 1893
Copyright, 1892, BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.
All rights reserved.
The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Electrotyped and Printed by H.O. Houghton & Co.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHAPTER I. THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROME FROM A PAGAN INTO A CHRISTIAN CITY 1
CHAPTER II. PAGAN SHRINES AND TEMPLES 51
CHAPTER III. CHRISTIAN CHURCHES 107
CHAPTER IV. IMPERIAL TOMBS 168
CHAPTER V. PAPAL TOMBS 209
CHAPTER VI. PAGAN CEMETERIES 253
CHAPTER VII. CHRISTIAN CEMETERIES 306
LUDI SAECULARES, INSCRIPTION EDITED BY MOMMSEN 362
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FULL-PAGE PLATES.
PAGE
BATTLE BETWEEN CONSTANTINE AND MAXENTIUS (from a painting by Giulio Romano, Francesco Penni, and Raffaellino del Colle) (Heliotype) Frontispiece
ARCH OF CONSTANTINE 20
THE TRANSLATION OF S. CYRIL'S REMAINS (fresco in S. Clemente, done at the order of Maria Macellaria) 32
THE WESTERN SUMMIT OF THE CAPITOLINE HILL 86
PANEL FROM THE ARCH OF MARCUS AURELIUS (Heliotype) 90
PLAN OF SCHOLA ABOVE THE CATACOMBS OF CALLIXTUS (from Nortet's Les Catacombes Romaines) 118
PLAN OF OLD S. PETER'S, SHOWING ITS RELATION TO THE CIRCUS OF NERO 128
PLAN OF THE GRAVES SURROUNDING THAT OF S. PETER DISCOVERED AT THE TIME OF PAUL V. (from a rare engraving by Benedetto Drei, head master mason to the Pope. The site of the tomb of S. Peter and the Fenestella are indicated by the author) 132
S. PETER'S IN 1588 (from an engraving by Ciampini) 146
THE TWO BASILICAS OF S. PAUL (the original structure of Constantine in black; that of Theodosius and Honorius shaded) 150
MAP SHOWING THE LOCATION OF PHAON'S VILLA 188
SARCOPHAGUS OF HELENA, MOTHER OF CONSTANTINE (Heliotype) 198
ROTUNDA AND OBELISK SOUTH OF OLD S. PETER'S (after Bonanni) 202
CRYPT OF POPE CORNELIUS 218
THE CLOISTERS OF THE LATERAN, AS NOW RESTORED (Heliotype) 238
TOMB OF INNOCENT VIII. (Heliotype) 242
TOMB OF PAUL III. (Heliotype) 246
FIGURE FROM THE TOMB OF CLEMENT XIII. (Heliotype) 250
INTERIOR OF A COLUMBARIUM IN THE VIGNA CODINI 260
DETAIL FROM THE CEILING OF THE HOUSE DISCOVERED IN THE FARNESINA GARDENS 264
WORKS OF ART DISCOVERED IN THE TOMB OF SULPICIUS PLATORINUS (Heliotype) 268
TOMB OF THE BOY Q. SULPICIUS MAXIMUS (Heliotype) 282
THE APPIAN WAY AND THE CAMPAGNA 286
OBJECTS FOUND IN THE GRAVE OF CREPEREIA TRYPHAENA 302
CHRISTIAN MILITARY CEMETERY OF CONCORDIA SAGITTARIA 324
THE IDEAL ROMAN FIGURE OF CHRIST (Heliotype) 348
ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT.
TABLET OF ACILIUS GLABRIO 4
MAP OF THE VIA SALARIA 7
PORTRAIT BUST OF PHILIP THE YOUNGER 13
INSCRIPTION FOUND NEAR THE PORTA DEL POPOLO, 1877 15
INSCRIPTION IN A TOMB OF THE VIA SEVERIANA AT OSTIA 16
LAMP OF ANNIUS SER..., WITH FIGURE OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD 18
PICTURE OF ORPHEUS FOUND IN THE CATACOMBS OF PRISCILLA 23
THE FOUR SEASONS (from the Imperial Palace, Ostia) 24
ANCIENT CANDELABRUM IN THE CHURCH OF SS. NEREO ED ACHILLEO 26
THE TEMPLUM SACRAE URBIS (SS. COSMA E DAMIANO) 28
MOSAIC FROM THE CHURCH OF S. ANDREA 29
THE SHRINE AND ALTAR OF MERCURIUS SOBRIUS 34
KANTHAROS IN THE COURT OF S. CAECILIA 39
SAMPLE OF A DRINKING-CUP 43
A GRANARY OF OSTIA 47
ENTABLATURE OF THE TEMPLE OF CONCORD 53
FAC-SIMILE FROM THE CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM LATINARUM 57
NEMI AND THE SITE OF THE TEMPLE OF DIANA 60
PORTRAIT BUST OF PERSON CURED AT NEMI 60
THE STERN OF THE SHIP OF THE ISLAND OF THE TIBER 61
FRAGMENT OF A LAMP INSCRIBED WITH THE NAME OF MINERVA 63
VOTIVE HEAD 63
THE CLIFFS UNDER THE CITADEL OF VEII (NOW CALLED PIAZZA D'ARMI) 65
A PELASGIC HIERON, OR PLATFORM OF ALTAR, AT SEGNI 68
ROUND TEMPLE OF HERCULES IN THE FORUM BOARIUM 69
ARA OF AIUS LOCUTIUS ON THE PALATINE 72
PILLAR COMMEMORATING THE LUDI SAECULARES 73
PLAN AND SECTION OF THE ALTAR OF DIS AND PROSERPINA 76
THE FAMILY OF AUGUSTUS (relief from the Ara Pacis, in the Gallery of the Uffizi, Florence) 83
VIEW OF THE PLATFORM OF THE TEMPLE OF JUPITER 88
THE SPHINX OF AMASIS 94
OBELISK OF RAMESES THE GREAT 95
ONE OF THE PROVINCES FROM THE TEMPLE OF NEPTUNE 100
PLAN OF THE TEMPLE OF AUGUSTUS 103
REMAINS OF THE TEMPLE OF AUGUSTUS (from a sketch by Ligorio) 103
STATUE OF SEMO SANCUS 105
REMAINS OF THE HOUSE OF PUDENS, DISCOVERED IN 1870 114
PLAN OF POMPEIAN HOUSE 114
REMAINS OF THE HOUSE OF PUDENS: FRONT WALL, PIERCED BY MODERN WINDOWS 115
THE COLONNA SANTA 133
VIEW OF A SECTION OF THE NAVE OF OLD S. PETER'S (SOUTH SIDE) 134
NAVE OF SAN LORENZO FUORI LE MURA 135
THE FOUNTAIN OF SYMMACHUS 136
THE CHAIR OF S. PETER (after photograph from original) 140
BRONZE STATUE OF S. PETER 142
STATUE OF S. HIPPOLYTUS 143
THE BURNING OF S. PAUL'S, JULY 15, 1823 (from an old print) 152
TOMBSTONE OF S. PAUL 157
STATUE OF CONSTANTINE THE GREAT 164
MILITARY FUNERAL EVOLUTIONS (from the base of the column of Antoninus) 170
THE APOTHEOSIS OF AN EMPEROR (from the base of the column of Antoninus) 171