STUDIES IN CENTRAL AMERICAN PICTURE WRITING, BY E. S. HOLDEN.

List of illustrations 206 Introductory 207 Materials for the present investigation 210 System of nomenclature 211 In what order are the hieroglyphs read? 221 The card catalogue of hieroglyphs 223 Comparison of plates I and IV (Copan) 224 Are the hieroglyphs of Copan and Palenque identical? 227 Huitzilopochtli, Mexican god of war, etc. 229 Tlaloc, or his Maya representative 237 Cukulcan or Quetzalcoatl 239 Comparison of the signs of the Maya months 243

CESSIONS OF LAND BY INDIAN TRIBES TO THE UNITED STATES, BY C. C. ROYCE.

Character of the Indian title 249 Indian boundaries 253 Original and secondary cessions 256

SIGN LANGUAGE AMONG NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS, BY COL. GARRICK MALLERY.

Introductory 269 Divisions of gesture speech 270 The origin of sign language 273 Gestures of the lower animals 275 Gestures of young children 276 Gestures in mental disorder 276 Uninstructed deaf-mutes 277 Gestures of the blind 278 Loss of speech by isolation 278 Low tribes of man 279 Gestures as an occasional resource 279 Gestures of fluent talkers 279 Involuntary response to gestures 280 Natural pantomime 280 Some theories upon primitive language 282 Conclusions 284 History of gesture language 285 Modern use of gesture speech 293 Use by other peoples than North American Indians 294 Use by modern actors and orators 308 Our Indian conditions favorable to sign language 311 Theories entertained respecting Indian signs 313 Not correlated with meagerness of language 314 Its origin from one tribe or region 316 Is the Indian system special and peculiar? 319 To what extent prevalent as a system 323 Are signs conventional or instinctive? 340 Classes of diversities in signs 341 Results sought in the study of sign language 346 Practical application 346 Relations to philology 349 Sign language with reference to grammar 359 Gestures aiding archæologic research 368 Notable points for further researches 387 Invention of new signs 387 Danger of symbolic interpretation 388 Signs used by women and children 391 Positive signs rendered negative 391 Details of positions of fingers 392 Motions relative to parts of the body 393 Suggestions for collecting signs 394 Mode in which researches have been made 395 List of authorities and collaborators 401 Algonkian 403 Dakotan 404 Iroquoian 405 Kaiowan 406 Kutinean 406 Panian 406 Piman 406 Sahaptian 406 Shoshonian 406 Tinnean 407 Wichitan 407 Zuñian 407 Foreign correspondence 407 Extracts from dictionary 409 Tribal signs 458 Proper names 476 Phrases 479 Dialogues 486 Tendoy-Huerito Dialogue. 486 Omaha Colloquy. 490 Brulé Dakota Colloquy. 491 Dialogue between Alaskan Indians. 492 Ojibwa Dialogue. 499 Narratives 500 Nátci’s Narrative. 500 Patricio’s Narrative. 505 Na-wa-gi-jig’s Story. 508 Discourses 521 Address of Kin Chē-Ĕss. 521 Tso-di-a´-ko’s Report. 524 Lean Wolf’s Complaint. 526 Signals 529 Signals executed by bodily action 529 Signals in which objects are used in connection with personal action 532 Signals made when the person of the signalist is not visible 536 Scheme of illustration 544 Outlines for arm positions in sign language 545 Types of hand positions in sign language 547 Examples 550

CATALOGUE OF LINGUISTIC MANUSCRIPTS IN THE LIBRARY OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY, BY J. C. PILLING.

Introductory 555 List of manuscripts 562

ILLUSTRATION OF THE METHOD OF RECORDING INDIAN LANGUAGES. FROM THE MANUSCRIPTS OF MESSRS. J. O. DORSEY, A. S. GATSCHET, AND S. B. RIGGS.

How the rabbit caught the sun in a trap, by J. O. Dorsey 581 Details of a conjurer’s practice, by A. S. Gatschet 583 The relapse, by A. S. Gatschet 585 Sweat-Lodges, by A. S. Gatschet 586 A dog’s revenge, by S. R. Riggs 587

FIRST ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY.

BY J. W. POWELL, Director.

INTRODUCTORY.

The exploration of the Colorado River of the West, begun in 1869 by authority of Congressional action, was by the same authority subsequently continued as the second division of the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Territories, and, finally, as the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region.

By act of Congress of March 3, 1879, the various geological and geographical surveys existing at that time were discontinued and the United States Geological Survey was established.

In all the earlier surveys anthropologic researches among the North American Indians were carried on. In that branch of the work finally designated as the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, such research constituted an important part of the work. In the act creating the Geological Survey, provision was made to continue work in this field under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, on the basis of the methods developed and materials collected by the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region.

Under the authority of the act of Congress providing for the continuation of the work, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution intrusted its management to the former director of the Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, and a bureau of ethnology was thus practically organized.

In the Annual Report of the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region for 1877, the following statement of the condition of the work at that time appears:

ETHNOGRAPHIC WORK.

During the same office season the ethnographic work was more thoroughly organized, and the aid of a large number of volunteer assistants living throughout the country was secured. Mr. W. H. Dall, of the United States Coast Survey, prepared a paper on the tribes of Alaska, and edited other papers on certain tribes of Oregon and Washington Territory. He also superintended the construction of an ethnographic map to accompany his paper, including on it the latest geographic determination from all available sources. His long residence and extended scientific labors in that region peculiarly fitted him for the task, and he has made a valuable contribution both to ethnology and geography.