EKE, [=e]k, v.t. to add to or increase: to lengthen.--n. E'KING, act of adding: what is added.--EKE OUT, to supplement: to prolong. [A.S. écan, akin to L. aug[=e]re, to increase.]

EKE, [=e]k, adv. in addition to: likewise. [A.S. éac; Ger. auch; from root of eke, v.t.]

ELABORATE, e-lab'or-[=a]t, v.t. to labour on: to produce with labour: to take pains with: to improve by successive operations.--adj. wrought with labour: done with fullness and exactness: highly finished.--adv. ELAB'ORATELY.--ns. ELAB'ORATENESS; ELABOR[=A]'TION, act of elaborating: refinement: the process by which substances are formed in the organs of animals or plants.--adj. ELAB'ORATIVE.--ns. ELAB'ORATOR, one who elaborates; ELAB'ORATORY=LABORATORY. [L. elabor[=a]re, -[=a]tum--e, out, labor[=a]re--labor, labour.]

ÉLAN, [=a]-long', n. impetuosity, dash. [Fr.]

ELANCE, e-lans', v.t. to throw out, as a lance. [Fr. élancer.]

ELAND, [=e]'land, n. the South African antelope, resembling the elk in having a protuberance on the larynx. [Dut.; Ger. elend, the elk--Lith. élnis, the elk.]

ELAPSE, e-laps', v.i. to slip or glide away: to pass silently, as time.--n. ELAP'SION. [L. elapsus, elabi--e, out, away, labi, lapsus, to slide.]

ELASMOBRANCHIATE, e-las-mo-brang'ki-[=a]t, adj. pertaining to a class, subclass, or order of fishes including sharks and skates, having lamellar branchiæ or plate-like gills.

ELASTIC, e-las'tik, adj. having a tendency to recover the original form: springy: able to recover quickly a former state or condition after a shock: flexible: yielding.--n. a piece of string, cord, &c. made elastic by having india-rubber woven in it.--adv. ELAS'TICALLY.--ns. ELASTIC'ITY, springiness: power to recover from depression; ELAS'TICNESS. [Coined from Gr. elastikos, elaunein, fut. elasein, to drive.]

ELATE, e-l[=a]t', adj. lifted up: puffed up with success: exalted.--v.t. to raise or exalt: to elevate: to make proud.--adv. ELAT'EDLY.--ns. ELAT'EDNESS; EL'ATER, an elastic filament in certain liverworts and scale-mosses: a skip-jack beetle; ELAT[=E]'RIUM, a substance contained in the juice of the fruit of the squirting cucumber, yielding the purgative ELAT'ERIN; EL[=A]'TION, pride resulting from success. [L. el[=a]tus, pa.p. of efferre--e, out, ferre, to carry.]

ELBOW, el'b[=o], n. the joint where the arm bows or bends: any sharp turn or bend.--v.t. to push with the elbow: to jostle.--ns. EL'BOW-CHAIR, an arm-chair; EL'BOW-GREASE, humorously applied to vigorous rubbing; EL'BOW-ROOM, room to extend the elbows: space enough for moving or acting: freedom.--AT ONE'S ELBOW, close at hand; BE OUT AT ELBOW, to wear a coat ragged at the elbows; UP TO THE ELBOWS, completely engrossed. [A.S. elnboga--el-, allied to L. ulna, the arm, boga, a bend--bugan, to bend. See ELL; BOW, n. and _v.t._]

ELCHEE, elt'shi, n. an ambassador.--Also EL'CHI, ELT'CHI. [Turk.]

ELD, eld, n. old age, senility: former times, antiquity.

ELDER, eld'[.e]r, n. a genus of plants consisting chiefly of shrubs and trees, with pinnate leaves, small flowers (of which the corolla is wheel-shaped and five-cleft), and three-seeded berries--the Common Elder is the Scotch Bourtree.--ns. ELD'ER-BERR'Y, the acidulous purple-black drupaceous fruit of the elder; ELD'ER-GUN, a popgun made of elder-wood by extracting the pith; ELD'ER-WINE, a pleasant wine made from elder-berries.--ELDER-FLOWER WATER, distilled water, with an agreeable odour, made from the flowers. [A.S. ellærn, ellen.]

ELDER, eld'[.e]r, adj. older: having lived a longer time: prior in origin.--n. one who is older: an ancestor: one advanced to office on account of age: one of a class of office-bearers in the Presbyterian Church--equivalent to the presbyters of the New Testament.--n. ELD'ERLINESS.--adj. ELD'ERLY, somewhat old: bordering on old age.--n. ELD'ERSHIP, state of being older: the office of an elder.--adj. ELD'EST, oldest. [A.S. eldra, yldra, comp. of eald, old.]

ELDING, el'ding, n. (prov.) fuel. [Ice.,--eldr, fire.]

EL DORADO, el d[=o]-rä'd[=o], the golden land of imagination of the Spanish conquerors of America: any place where wealth is easily to be made. [Sp. el, the, dorado, pa.p. of dorar, to gild.]

ELDRITCH, el'drich, adj. (Scot.) weird, hideous. [Der. obscure: perh. conn. with elf.]

ELEATIC, el-e-at'ik, adj. noting a school of philosophers, specially connected with Elea, a Greek city of Lower Italy, and including Zenophanes, Parmenides, and Zeno.--n. one belonging to this school.

ELECAMPANE, el'e-kam-p[=a]n', n. a composite plant allied to Aster, formerly much cultivated for its medicinal root. [Formed from Low L. enula campana.]

ELECT, e-lekt', v.t. to choose out: to select for any office or purpose: to select by vote.--adj. chosen: taken by preference from among others: chosen for an office but not yet in it (almost always after the noun, as 'consul elect').--n. one chosen or set apart.--n. ELEC'TION, the act of electing or choosing: the public choice of a person for office, usually by the votes of a constituent body: freewill: (theol.) the exercise of God's sovereign will in the predetermination of certain persons to salvation: (B.) those who are elected.--v.i. ELECTIONEER', to labour to secure the election of a candidate.--n. ELECTIONEER'ER.--n. and adj. ELECTIONEER'ING, the soliciting of votes and other business of an election.--adj. ELECT'IVE, pertaining to, dependent on, or exerting the power of choice.--adv. ELECT'IVELY.--ns. ELECTIV'ITY; ELECT'OR, one who elects: one who has a vote at an election: the title formerly belonging to those princes and archbishops of the German Empire who had the right to elect the Emperor:--fem. ELECT'RESS, ELECT'ORESS.--adjs. ELECT'ORAL, ELECT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to elections or to electors: consisting of electors.--ns. ELECT'ORATE, the dignity or the territory of an elector: the body of electors; ELECT'ORSHIP.--THE ELECT (theol.), those chosen by God for salvation. [L. e, out, leg[)e]re, to choose.]

ELECTRIC, e-lek'trik, adj. pertaining to or produced by electricity.--n. any electric substance: a non-conductor of electricity, as amber, glass, &c.--adj. ELEC'TRICAL.--adv. ELEC'TRICALLY.--ns. ELEC'TRIC-EEL (see GYMNOTUS); ELECTRI'CIAN, one who studies, or is versed in, the science of electricity; ELECTRIC'ITY, name of the cause of certain phenomena of attraction and repulsion: the phenomena themselves: the science which investigates the nature and laws of these phenomena.--adj. ELEC'TRIF[=I]ABLE.--n. ELECTRIFIC[=A]'TION.--v.t. ELEC'TRIFY, to communicate electricity to: to excite suddenly: to astonish: to adapt to electricity as the motive power:--pa.p. elec'trified.--n. ELEC'TRISATION.--v.t. ELEC'TR[=I]SE, to electrify.--ns. ELEC'TRODE, either of the poles of a galvanic battery; ELEC'TROLIER, a device for suspending a group of incandescent lamps; ELEC'TRUM, amber: an alloy of gold and silver.--ELECTRIC RAILWAY, a railway on which electricity is the motive-power; ELECTRIC SPARK, one of the forms in which accumulated electricity discharges itself; ELECTRIC STORM, a violent disturbance in the electrical condition of the earth. [L. electrum--Gr. elektron, amber, in which electricity was first observed.]

ELECTRO-BIOLOGY, e-lek'tro-b[=i]-ol'o-ji, n. the science which treats of the electricity developed in living organisms: that view of animal magnetism according to which the actions, feelings, &c. of a person are controlled by the will of the operator.--adj. ELEC'TRO-BALLIS'TIC, of an apparatus for determining by electricity the velocity of a projectile.--ns. ELEC'TRO-BIOL'OGIST; ELEC'TRO-CHEM'ISTRY, that branch of chemical science which treats of the agency of electricity in effecting chemical changes.--v.t. ELEC'TROCUTE, to inflict a death penalty by means of electricity.--ns. ELECTROC[=U]'TION, capital punishment by electricity; ELEC'TRO-DYNAM'ICS, the branch of physics which treats of the action of electricity; ELEC'TRO-DYNAMOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic action; ELEC'TRO-ENGRAV'ING, an etching process in which the etched plate is placed in an electro-bath to deepen the 'bite;' ELEC'TRO-GILD'ING, electroplating with gold; ELEC'TRO-KINET'ICS, that branch of science which treats of electricity in motion; ELECTROL'OGY, the science of applied electricity.--v.t. ELEC'TROLYSE, to subject to electrolysis.--ns. ELECTROL'YSIS, the process of chemical decomposition by electricity; ELEC'TROLYTE, a body which admits of electrolysis.--adj. ELECTROLYT'IC.--n. ELEC'TRO-MAG'NET, a piece of soft iron rendered magnetic by a current of electricity passing through a coil of wire wound round it.--adj. ELEC'TRO-MAGNET'IC.--ns. ELEC'TRO-MAG'NETISM, a branch of science which treats of the relation of electricity to magnetism; ELEC'TRO-MET'ALLURGY, a name given to certain processes by which electricity is applied to the working of metals, as in electroplating and electrotyping; ELECTROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the quantity of electricity.--adjs. ELECTROMET'RIC, -AL, pertaining to the measurement of electricity.--ns. ELECTROM'ETRY, the science of electrical measurements; ELEC'TRO-M[=O]'TION, the passage of an electric current in a voltaic circuit: motion produced by electricity employed as power.--adjs. ELEC'TRO-M[=O]'TIVE, pertaining to the motion of electricity or the laws governing it.--n. ELEC'TRO-M[=O]'TOR, an apparatus for applying electricity as a motive-power.--adj. ELEC'TRO-NEG'ATIVE, appearing, as an element in electrolysis, at the positive electrode: having the property of becoming negatively electrified by contact with a dissimilar substance.--ns. ELEC'TROPH[=O]NE, an instrument for producing sounds resembling trumpet-tones by electric currents of high tension; ELECTROPH'ORUS, an instrument for obtaining statical electricity by means of induction; ELEC'TRO-PHYSIOL'OGY, the study of the electric phenomena of living organisms.--v.t. ELEC'TROPLATE, to plate or cover with silver by electrolysis.--n. ELEC'TROPLATING.--adjs. ELEC'TRO-P[=O]'LAR, having, as an electrical conductor, one end or surface positive and the other negative; ELEC'TRO-POS'ITIVE, attracted by bodies negatively electrified, or by the negative pole of a voltaic battery: assuming positive potential when in contact with another substance.--ns. ELEC'TROSCOPE, an instrument for detecting the presence of electricity in a body and the nature of it; ELEC'TRO-STAT'ICS, that branch of science which treats of electricity at rest; ELEC'TRO-TINT, a style of etching by means of galvanism; ELEC'TROTYPE, the art of copying an engraving or type on a metal deposited by electricity.--adj. ELECTROTYP'IC.--ns. ELEC'TROTYPIST; ELEC'TROTYPY, the art of copying.--adj. ELEC'TRO-V[=I]'TAL, electrical and dependent upon vital processes.