Transcriber's Note
Non-italic phrases within italic text blocks are marked with ~swung dashes~.
STUDIES ON HOMER AND THE HOMERIC AGE.
BY THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE, D.C.L. M. P. FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
Plenius ac melius Chrysippo et Crantore.--HORACE.
OXFORD: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. M.DCCC.LVIII.
[_The right of Translation is reserved._]
STUDIES ON HOMER AND THE HOMERIC AGE.
I. PROLEGOMENA.
II. ACHÆIS:
OR, THE ETHNOLOGY OF THE GREEK RACES.
BY THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE, D.C.L. M. P. FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
Plenius ac melius Chrysippo et Crantore.--HORACE.
OXFORD: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. M.DCCC.LVIII.
THE CONTENTS.
I. PROLEGOMENA.
SECT. I.
On the State of the Homeric Question.
Objects of this Work Page 1 Results thus far of the Homeric Controversy 2 Improved apparatus for the Study of Homer 4 Effect of the poems on Civilization 5 They do not compete with the Holy Scriptures 6
SECT. II.
The Place of Homer in Classical Education.
Study of Homer in the English Universities 9 Homer should not be studied as a Poet only 11 His claims compared with those of other Poets 14 Study of Homer in the Public Schools 18
SECT. III.
On the Historic Aims of Homer.
High organization of the Poems 21 The presumption is that the Poet had Historic aims 22 Positive signs of them 23 Pursued even at some cost of Poetical beauty 26 Minuter indications 28 General tone 28 Hypothesis of reproduction inadmissible 30 What is chiefly meant by his Historic aims 35
SECT. IV.
On the probable Date of Homer.
The main question: is he an original witness 36 Adverse arguments 37 Affirmative arguments 39
SECT. V.
The probable Trustworthiness of the Text of Homer.
The received text to be adopted as a basis 42 Failure of other methods 44 State of the Manuscripts 46 Complaints of interpolation 47 Testimonies concerning the early use of the Poems 49 Preservative power of the Recitations or matches 55 Pseudo-Homeric poems 56 Argument from the Cyclic poems 59 The Alexandrian period 60 Amount and quality of guarantees 64 Improbability of wilful falsification 67 Internal evidence of soundness in detail 69
SECT. VI.
Place and Authority of Homer in Historical Inquiry.
Homer paramount as a literary authority 71 He has suffered through credulity 73 And through incredulity 79 Proposed method of treatment 81 Instances of contrary method, (1) Hellen and his family 82 Authority of Hesiod 84 Instance (2), personality of Helen 87 Conclusion 89
II. ACHÆIS.
ETHNOLOGY OF THE GREEK RACES.
SECT. I.
Scope of the Inquiry.
Preliminary objection of Mr. Grote stated 93 Synopsis of national and tribal names to be examined 96
SECT. II.
On the Pelasgians, and cognate races.
The Pelasgians 100 Pelasgic Argos 101 Dodona 106 Thessaly and the Southern Islands 109 Epithets for Pelasgians 113 Use of this name in the singular 114 The Pelasgians and Larissa 115 The Arcadians Pelasgian 119 Why προσέληνοι 121 The Arcadians afterwards the Swiss of Greece 122 The Graians or Greeks 123 Ceres and the Pelasgians 124 The Iaones or Ionians 127 The Athenians in the Catalogue 129 The Catalogue, vv. 546-9 129 The same, vv. 550, 132 The same, vv. 553-5 135 Review of the Homeric evidence as to the Athenians 137 Their relations with Minerva 140 Post-Homeric evidence of the Pelasgianism of Attica 145 The Pelasgians related to Egypt 148 The Egyptians semi-fabulous to Homer 151 Their Pelasgian resemblances, in Homer and otherwise 153 The Greeks of the Iliad why never termed Pelasgian 156 The Θρῇκες and Θρῃίκιοι 158 The Caucones and Leleges 161
SECT. III.
The Pelasgians: and certain States naturalized or akin to Greece.
Minos in Homer 166 His origin 167 His place in the nether world 168 The power of Crete 169 Two of the five races apparently Pelasgian 170 The tradition of Deucalion 172 The extent of the Minoan Empire 175 Evidence of Post-Homeric tradition 176 Circumstantial evidence 178 The Lycians 181 Their points of connection with Greece 183 Elements of the population 185 Cyprus 188 Inhabitants probably Pelasgian 190 No other name competes with the Pelasgian as designating the first inhabitants of Greece 193 The Pelasgians were the base or substratum of the Greek nation 194 Post-Homeric testimony respecting them 195 K. O. Müller’s Summary 200 The Pelasgian language 203 The Pelasgian route into Greece 205 Probably twofold 206 Route of the Helli 208 Peloponnesus the old centre of power 209 Derivation of the Pelasgian name 211
SECT. IV.
On the Phœnicians and the Outer Geography of the Odyssey.
Tokens of the Phœnicians in Greece 216 Limits of Homer’s Inner or Greek Geography 217 And Greek Navigation 219 His Outer Geography Phœnician 221 The traditions connected therewith also Phœnician 223 Minos the Ὀλοόφρων 225 Commercial aptitude of the modern Greeks 227 The Homeric Mouth of Ocean 228 The two Geographical reports are blended into one 228 The Siceli and Sicania 229 Their site is probably on the Bruttian Coast 231 The Epirus of Homer 234 The Thesprotians in Homer 235 The Cadmeans in Homer 239 Period from which they date 240 Conclusions respecting them 244
SECT. V.
On the Catalogue.
The Greek Catalogue, properly an Array or Review 245 The Preface 246 The List 247 The principle of arrangement 249 The distribution in chief 250 The sub-distribution 251 Proofs of historic aim 255 Genealogies of the Catalogue 256 The Epilogue 259 The Trojan Catalogue 261
SECT. VI.
On the Hellenes of Homer.
The word Hellas the key to this inquiry 264 List of passages where used 265 Some of them admit the narrow sense 266 Some refuse it 268 None require it 272 Hellenes in Il. ii. 684 274 Panhellenes in Il. ii. 530 277 Cephallenes in Il. ii. 631 and elsewhere 278 The Helli or Selli 279 Selli of the Scholiast of Aristophanes 280