Pathology of the Menopause 608 Diseases of the Genital Organs 608 Diseases of the Organs of Circulation 620 Diseases of the Digestive Organs 630 Diseases of the Skin 632 Disorders of Metabolism 635 Diseases of the Nervous System 637 Climacteric Psychoses 643

Hygiene during the Menopause 653

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Kisch).

FIG. PAGE 1. Curve of the sexual life of woman from the tenth to the sixtieth year of life 4 2. Portion of the pelvic viscera in the female, etc. 9 3. The distribution of the pudic nerve in the female perineal and pubic regions 11 4. The distribution of the lateral sacral arteries, etc. 14 5. Curve of menstrual cycle 19 6. Curve of rhythmical variations 20 7. Curve of beauty of woman. 24 8. Internal genital organs of new-born female infant 51 9. Reproductive organs of a new-born female infant 52 10. Internal genital organs of a girl aged eight years 52 11. Reproductive organs of a girl aged ten years 53 12. Female external genital organs of a virgin 54 13. The external genital organs of a virgin 55 14. Sagittal section of the female pelvis 56 15. Primitive follicles 58 16. Ripening follicles 61 17. Graafian follicles 62 18. Annular Hymen 64 19. Annular Hymen 64 20. Semilunar Hymen 65 21. Annular Hymen with Congenital Symmetrical Indentations 65 22. Fimbriate Hymen 65 23. Deflorated Fimbriate Hymen 65 24. Septate Annular Hymen 67 25. Septate Semilunar Hymen 67 26. Extremely tough Annular Hymen with an obliquely disposed Septum 67 27. Septate Hymen with Apertures of unequal Size 67 28. Septate Hymen with Apertures of unequal Size 68 29. Hymen with rudimentary Septum 68 30. Hymen with posterior rudimentary Septum 68 31. Labiate Hymen with posterior rudimentary Septum 68 32. Hymen with anterior rudimentary Septum 69 33. Hymen with anterior rudimentary Septum projecting in a opiniform Manner 69 34. Hymen with anterior and posterior rudimentary Septa 69 35. Hymen with filiform Process projecting from the anterior Margin 69 36. Hymen in which there are two symmetrically disposed thinned Areas. The left of these is perforated 69 37. Very unusual form of Hymen 70 38. Semilunar Hymen with cicatrized Lacerations in its Border 70 39. Deflorated Semilunar Hymen with laterally disposed symmetrical Lacerations 70 40. Deflorated Annular Hymen with several cicatrized Lacerations 70 41. A. Septate Hymen in which defloration has been effected through one of the Apertures. U. Urethra. Cl. Clitoris. H. Cicatrized Margin. C. Septum. B. Lateral view of Septum 70 42. Deflorated Septate Hymen 71 43. Hymen with larger anterior and smaller posterior Apertures 71 44. Carunculæ Myrtiformes in a Primipara 71 45. Vaginal Inlet of a Multipara, without Carunculæ Myrtiformes. Slight Prolapse of Anterior and Posterior Vaginal Walls 71 46. The breast of a virgin aged eighteen years 73 47. Horizontal section through the female breast 75 48. The female pudendum, or vulva, with the labia majora 204 49. Vestibule of the vagina, with the labia minora or nymphæ, etc 205 50. The uterus, the left Fallopian tube and the left ovary, etc 207 51. Female internal genital organs in the fully developed state 208 52. Sagittal Section through the Cervix Uteri of a Woman twenty-six years of age. Dendriform branched glands 217 53. Cervix of a Woman seventy-two years of age, with glands that have undergone cystic degeneration 217 54. Sagittal Section through the Cervix Uteri of a Woman sixty-five years of age. The glands have undergone cystic degeneration 217 55. First Stage. A. Entrance of a Spermatozoon into the Ovum of Ascaris Megalocephala. B. After preparations by M. Nussbaum. (Half of the ova only are depicted) 306 56. Ovum of Asterakanthion ten minutes after Fertilization 306 57. Fusion of Male Pro-nucleus and Female Pro-nucleus to form the Segmentation Nucleus of the Fertilized Ovum 306 58. Passage of Spermatozoon through the Zona Pellucida of the Ovum of Asterakanthion 307 59. Ovum of Scorpæna Scrofa Thirty-five Minutes after Fertilization 307 60. Male Pro-nucleus and Female Pro-nucleus in Fertilized Ovum of Frog, prior to the Formation of the Segmentation Nucleus 307 61. a. b. c. Prostatic calculi from normal semen, d. Spermatozoa. e. Large and small cells, some containing granules, as morphological elements of semen. f. Spermatozoon distorted by imbibition of water. g. Crystals (after Bizzozero) 311 62. Normal Semen 311 63. Semen consisting chiefly of sperm-crystals, cylindrical epithelium, and small granules exhibiting molecular movement—but containing no spermatozoa 315 64. Oligozoöspermia. a. Living Spermatozoa, b. Dead Spermatozoa, c. Pus Corpuscles, d. Erythrocyte, e. Seminal granules 317 65. Septate Hymen, the septum having a tendinous consistency 324 66. 326 67. Lipoma of the Right labium majus, including the Vaginal Inlet 328 68. “Hottentot Apron” in an adult Woman, hanging down between the thighs (after Zweifel) 329 69. Elephantiasis of the Labia Majora 330 70. Congenital Atrophy of the Uterus (after Virchow), oi, Ostium internum; oe, Ostium externum 500 71. 500 72. Normal Shape of the Portio Vaginalis 503 73. Conoidal Shape of the Portio Vaginalis 503 74. “Apron-Shaped” Vaginal Portion, a. Greatly elongated anterior lip; b. Shorter posterior lip of the cervix 504 75. “Beak-Shaped” Vaginal Portion. Posterior aspect 504 76. Simple Hypertrophy of the Portio Vaginalis, which projected from the Vulva 506 77. Elongated Cervix, bent upwards 506 78. Cervical Polypus, originating from an Ovulum Nabothi 510 79. Ectropium in a Case of Bilateral Laceration of the Cervix (after A. Martin) 514 80. Anteflexio Uteri (after A. Martin) 518 81. Retroflexio Uteri (after A. Martin) 520 82. Mucus from the Cervical Canal, taken one hour after sexual intercourse, from a woman suffering from chronic endometritis. Among the epithelial cells, pus cells, and finely granular masses, we see a few motionless, dead spermatozoa 531 83. Uterine Mucous Membrane in Endometritis (after A. Martin) 554 84. Sagittal section through the ovary of a girl aged sixteen 583 85. Sagittal section through the ovary of a woman aged seventy-two years 584 86. Diagrammatic Representation of the Graafian Follicle 585 87. Ovary of a Girl aged nineteen years (Normal Size) 585 88. Ovary of a Woman seventy-two years of age (Normal Size) 585 89. 586 90. 587 91. 588 92. Sagittal Section through the Cervix of a Woman twenty-six years of age. Dendriform branched glands 588 93. Sagittal Section through the Cervix of a Woman sixty-five years of age. Glands which have undergone Cystic Degeneration 589 94. Cervix of a Woman seventy years of age. The Cervical Glands have undergone Cystic Degeneration 589 95. Ovula Nabothi in the Portio Vaginalis 590 96. Vesicle (Ovula Nabothi) from the Uterine Mucous Membrane 591 97. Mucous Glands undergoing Cystic Degeneration 592