TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
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The sign ſ represents the ancient long s; the sign [ct] represents the ct ligature and the sign [ffi] represents the ffi ligature.
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Not all the font families used for the different articles included in the book were available for the HTML version. The font families that could be used for the transcription are Times New Roman, Gill Sans, Garamond, Bodoni MT (instead of Bodoni Book), Baskerville, Centaur, Perpetua and Bell. Most of the currently available browsers are compatible with those fonts. However, it is not certain that the currently available hand-held devices would be able to reproduce the text with those fonts.
Punctuation and other printing errors have been corrected. Nevertheless, there are some portions where the author quotes text written in ancient style in which the punctuation rules applicable nowadays were not followed. Those have been left unchanged.
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FORUM BOOKS
BOOKS AND PRINTING
A TREASURY FOR TYPOPHILES
edited by Paul A. Bennett
Forum Books
THE WORLD PUBLISHING COMPANY CLEVELAND AND NEW YORK
A FORUM BOOK
Published by The World Publishing Company 2231 West 110th Street, Cleveland 2, Ohio
Revised Edition
First Forum printing February 1963
Copyright 1951 by The World Publishing Company.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher, except for brief passages included in a review appearing in a newspaper or magazine.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 52-612 Printed in the United States of America. WP263
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am deeply grateful to many friends who have helped in the preparation of material for this book, and have freely granted permission to reprint their brain children.
To the Typophiles of New York, and to the individual authors in their series of Chap Books, I am indebted for including: T. M. Cleland's Harsh Words; W. A. Dwiggins' celebrated "Investigation Into the Physical Properties of Books," first published for the Society of Calligraphers and included in Mss. by WAD; Evelyn Harter's Printers As Men of the World; and Lawrence C. Wroth's "First Work With American Types," from Typographic Heritage.
To the editors of The Colophon, and the three authors, I am indebted for reprinting the essays of Earnest Elmo Calkins on "The Book and Job Print," Ruth S. Granniss on "Colophons" and Sir Francis Meynell's "Some Collectors Read."
To the individual authors, the editors of The Publishers' Weekly and its publisher, R. R. Bowker Company, I am indebted for permission to include W. A. Dwiggins' "Twenty Years After," the sequel to his "Investigation"; excerpts from two articles by Robert Josephy; and Will Ransom's introduction from his Private Presses and Their Books.
To Beatrice Warde, who has graciously permitted reprinting her classic "Printing Should Be Invisible."
I appreciate greatly the counsel of the good friends who made possible the symposium on "The Anatomy of the Book": Peter Beilenson, Joseph Blumenthal, P. J. Conkwright, Morris Colman, Milton Glick and Evelyn Harter, William Dana Orcutt, Ernst Reichl, Carl Purington Rollins, Bruce Rogers and Arthur W. Rushmore. To Mergenthaler Linotype Company I am indebted for reprinting the text of the "Anatomy," now slightly revised, from The Manual of Linotype Typography.
To both authors and their publisher, William E. Rudge's Sons, I am indebted for including the extracts from Bruce Rogers' Paragraphs on Printing and Merle Armitage's Notes on Modern Printing.
To George Macy, and the directors of the Limited Editions Club, I am indebted for reprinting Porter Garnett's prize-winning essay, "The Ideal Book." And also for the illustration of the punch-cutting machine (from The Dolphin, No. 2) to accompany Carl Purington Rollins' essay, "American Type Designers and Their Work," for which permission to reprint was granted by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, Chicago.
To my good friend, James Shand, publisher of Alphabet and Image in London, I am indebted for including his account of George Bernard Shaw's relations with his printer (first published in A & I No. 8), and for assistance in securing electrotypes of the illustrations.
To Oscar Ogg and the editors of The American Artist I owe thanks for reprinting his "Lettering and Calligraphy," with its illustrations.
To Edwin Grabhorn I am indebted for including "The Fine Art of Printing," his address to the Roxburghe Club of San Francisco.
I particularly appreciate the assistance of the late Otto Ege, Mrs. Anne Lyon Haight and Lawrence C. Wroth in revising their essays for publication here, and the thoughtfulness of Robert Josephy, Will Ransom and Arthur W. Rushmore in writing postscripts to enhance their essays.
I am thankful to Mrs. Caroline Anderson of Los Angeles; my colleague Jackson Burke at Linotype; to Christopher Morley of Roslyn, L. I., and Arthur W. Rushmore of Madison, N. J., for valuable suggestions and help in research.
For assistance in securing illustrative material I am indebted to my Typophile friends: John Archer, A. Burton Carnes, Lester Douglas, George L. McKay and William Reydel. To Fred Anthoensen of Portland, Maine, I am thankful for help in securing electrotypes to illustrate two articles.
The publisher, and I as editor, acknowledge our appreciation to the authors of the other essays included, and to their editors and publishers, for permission to reprint this valuable material, for which detailed mention of copyright and publication date is printed elsewhere.
And I hope my apologies may be accepted, should there be inadvertent omission of appreciation to the numerous other individuals who have so generously assisted me in preparing this book for the printer.
P. A. B.
CONTENTS
BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION Page ix
OTTO F. EGE. The Story of the Alphabet 3
LANCELOT HOGBEN. Printing, Paper and Playing Cards 15
RUTH S. GRANNISS. Colophons 31
EDWIN ELIOTT WILLOUGHBY. Printers' Marks 45
A. F. JOHNSON. Title Pages: Their Forms and Development 52
LAWRENCE C. WROTH. The First Work with American Types 65
RONALD B. MCKERROW. Typographic Debut 78
EDWARD ROWE MORES. Metal-Flowers 83
JAMES WATSON. The History of the Invention and Progress of the Mysterious Art of Printing &c. 85
EVELYN HARTER. Printers As Men of the World 88
ANNE LYON HAIGHT. Are Women the Natural Enemies of Books? 103
BEATRICE WARDE. Printing Should Be Invisible 109
PORTER GARNETT. The Ideal Book 115
W. A. DWIGGINS. Extracts from an Investigation into the Physical Properties of Books 129
W. A. DWIGGINS. Twenty Years After 145
DESMOND FLOWER. The Publisher and the Typographer 153
WILLIAM DANA ORCUTT, BRUCE ROGERS, CARL PURINGTON ROLLINS, JOSEPH BLUMENTHAL, P. J. CONKWRIGHT, ARTHUR W. RUSHMORE, MILTON GLICK, MORRIS COLMAN, EVELYN HARTER, PETER BEILENSON, and ERNST REICHL. The Anatomy of the Book: A Symposium 160
ROBERT JOSEPHY. Trade Bookmaking: Complaint in Three Dimensions 169
WILL RANSOM. What Is a Private Press? 175
ALFRED W. POLLARD. The Trained Printer and the Amateur: and the Pleasure of Small Books 182
SIR FRANCIS MEYNELL. Some Collectors Read 191
CHRISTOPHER SANDFORD. Printing for Love 212
ARTHUR W. RUSHMORE. The Fun and Fury of a Private Press: Some Voyages of The Golden Hind 220
EDWIN GRABHORN. The Fine Art of Printing 226
HOLBROOK JACKSON. The Typography of William Morris 233
STANLEY MORISON. First Principles of Typography 239
CARL PURINGTON ROLLINS. American Type Designers and Their Work 252
ERIC GILL. Typography 257
FREDERIC W. GOUDY. Types and Type Design 267
THEODORE LOW DE VINNE. The Old and the New: A Friendly Dispute between Juvenis & Senex 274
BRUCE ROGERS. Paragraphs on Printing 281
PAUL A. BENNETT. B.R.--Adventurer with Type Ornament 290
DANIEL BERKELEY UPDIKE. Some Tendencies in Modern Typography 306