III. Signs as Outward Reminders of God and His Will 328–338 Tsitsith 329 Tefillin 331 Mezuzah 335 Circumcision 336 Notes 336

IV. Sabbath, Festivals, and Fasts 339–413 On Sabbath and Festivals in General 339–360 1. ‏זכור‎ “Remember” 340–349 Kiddush and Habhdalah 340 Lessons from the Pentateuch and the Prophets 345 2. ‏שמור‎ “Take Heed” 349–353 Work Forbidden 349 3. ‏ענג‎ “Delight” 353–355 Sabbath and Festivals Days of Cheerfulness 353 4. ‏כבוד‎ “Honour” 355–358 Sabbath and Festival Bread and Lights 355 Notes 358 The Jewish Calendar 360 Notes 367 The Festivals 368–409 The Three Festivals ‏שלש רגלים‎ 369–400 The Four Distinguished Sabbaths 369 Passover 372–392 Seder-evening 379 Counting of the Omer 389 The Days of the Counting of the Omer 392 The Feast of Weeks 393–394 The Feast of Tabernacles 395–400 Solemn Days ‏ימים נוראים‎ 400–409 New-year 402 Day of Atonement 405 Historical Feasts and Fasts 409–413 Chanuccah 409 Purim 411 The Four Fasts 412 Optional Fasts 413

V. Divine Worship 413–455 Beginnings of Divine Worship 413 Sacrifices 414 Prayer 418–455 Devotion 419 Minhag or Custom 419 Prayer in Hebrew 420 Efficacy of Prayer 422 Synagogue 423 Instrumental Music in Synagogue 427 The Ritual, in Talmud and Midrash 429 Prayers at Fixed Times 435 Shema, ‏שמע‎ 436 Amidah or Tefillah 437 Abridged Forms of the Amidah 439 Other Constituent Elements of the Service 439 Night-prayer 440 Public Service 441 Kaddish 441 Kedushah 442 Repetition of Amidah 442 Priests’ Benediction 442 The Reading of the Law 442 Occasional Prayers; Benedictions; Grace 442 Notes on Customs in Synagogue 444 Temporary Substitutes for the Service 446 Repetition of the Amidah 446 Kedushah; Kaddish 447 Sermons and Lectures 448 Special Prayer-Meetings 449 Reform of the Ritual 449 Congregations and their Religious Guide 454

VI. The Dietary Laws 455–466 Their Object 455 ‏ערלה‎ Fruit of Trees in the First Three Years 457 ‏חדש‎, ‏כלאים‎, ‏שעטנז‎ 457 Meaning of ‏חקות‎ 458 The Killing of Animals for Food 459 Prohibition of Blood 459 Trefah 459 Clean and Unclean Animals 459 Forbidden Fat 461 The Sinew that Shrank 461 Meat and Milk 461 Notes.—Explanation of Gen. ix. 4—Seven Noachide Precepts 462 On Shechitah 463 How to Kasher the Meat 463 Explanation of Num. xi. 22 and Lev. xvii. 13 464 On Clean and Unclean Birds 465 Meat and Milk 465 Honey 466 Wine of Libation 466

VII. Jewish Life 467–496 Guiding Principles in Jewish Life 467 Torah and Abodah; Beth-hammidrash and Synagogue 469 Charity 469 Jewish Women 470 The Days of the Week 473 Anticipation of Sabbath, Feast, and Fast 474 Friday Evening.—Sabbath and Festivals 475 New-moon and Full-moon 476 Important Moments in the Life of the Jew 476–494 Birth.—Initiation of the Male Child into the Covenant of Abraham 477 Redemption of the First-born 478 Thanksgiving of the Mother after Confinement 479 ‏ברכת הגומל‎ 479 Education 479 Bar-mitsvah 481 Choice of Vocation 482 Marriage 483 Divorce 487 Obligatory Marriage (‏יבום‎) and Obligatory Divorce (‏הליצה‎) 488 Death and Mourning 489 Regard for the Memory of the Deceased 494 Notes on Customs in Connection with the Burial Rites 496

Appendices:—

I. The Thirteen Principles in Hebrew 497–498 II. The Jewish Calendar 498–501 III. Religious Education 501*–504* IV. Prayer for Barmitzvah 505*–506* V. Bibliography 507*–510*

I. Index of Quotations from Bible and Post-Biblical Literature 502–512 II. General Index 513–520 III. Index of Names 521–523 IV. Index of Hebrew Terms 524–528 Errata 529–530

THE JEWISH RELIGION.