CHAPTER IX.
LOCKE AND ROUSSEAU.
John Locke 59
Jean Jacques Rousseau 61
Medical Writers of the Period 64
CHAPTER X.
THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN GERMANY.
Basedow, and the Dessau “Philanthropinum” 67
Salzmann, and the Schnepfenthal Educational Institute 70
The Life and Work of GutsMuths 71
His Writings 77
Vieth’s “Encyclopedia of Bodily Exercises” (Footnote) 81
CHAPTER XI.
FRIEDRICH LUDWIG JAHN, AND POPULAR GYMNASTICS IN GERMANY.
Jahn’s Early Life 83
The Outdoor Gymnasium (Hasenheide Turnplatz) near Berlin 88
The Spread of the Jahn Gymnastics in Germany, up to 1819 95
The Reaction of 1819—Jahn’s Later Life 98
The Development of Popular Gymnastic Societies since 1840—The Deutsche Turnerschaft 101
CHAPTER XII.
ADOLF SPIESS, THE FATHER OF GERMAN SCHOOL GYMNASTICS.
Early Life, and School Days at Offenbach 109
University Student and Tutor 110
Teacher in Switzerland, at Burgdorf and Basel 112
In Charge of School Gymnastics in the Grand Duchy of Hesse 116
His Contribution to Physical Education 117